tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79748737240923636712024-02-19T16:34:17.384-08:00LIGHT A LAMP FOR IT IS THE DARK HOUR.Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.comBlogger81125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-40610081899714266012023-11-26T22:34:00.000-08:002023-11-26T22:34:26.920-08:00Innovative Cryptocurrency Business Ideas for 2024<p> </p><div class="article-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 60px; word-break: break-word;"><header class="entry-header" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><div class="header-text" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 40px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; width: 333.091px; word-break: break-word;"><div class="cat-links" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--primary-color); font-size: 0.9375rem; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/category/latest-news/" rel="tag" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;"> </a><span style="font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 2.25rem; letter-spacing: 0px;">Innovative Cryptocurrency Business Ideas for 2024</span></div><div class="entry-meta has-author-photo" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; align-items: center; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #7a7e82; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 0.8125rem; height: auto; justify-content: center; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 40px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 0px 55px; position: relative; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta-group author" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><div class="author-photo" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 40px; word-break: break-word;"><a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/author/pardeep-sharma/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="" class="avatar avatar-160 photo" decoding="async" height="160" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f11037c71e9f81a0f837a50a76d57d7e?s=160&d=mm&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f11037c71e9f81a0f837a50a76d57d7e?s=320&d=mm&r=g 2x" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;" width="160" /></a></div><div class="meta-item author-name" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><br /></div></div></div></div></header><div class="entry-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--content-color); counter-reset: footnotes 0; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto 50px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 2rem; font-weight: bolder;"> 2024: Cutting-Edge Cryptocurrency Business Ideas Redefining Entrepreneurship</span></h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">As the cryptocurrency ecosystem continues to evolve, the opportunities for new businesses abound. The year 2024 is poised to be a defining moment for entrepreneurs entering the crypto space. This insight reveals seven brilliant cryptocurrency business ideas that have the potential to both flourish and disrupt the industry in the coming years.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Financing (DeFi) Tips:</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Take advantage of the growing interest in decentralized finance by offering advisory services. Help individuals and businesses navigate the challenging terrain of DeFi, and provide insights into yield, monetization, and smart deal-making.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">NFT Marketplace for Virtual Real Estate:</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Combine the popularity of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) with the virtual real estate trend. Create a platform where users can buy, sell, and consume NFTs representing virtual assets, catering to those interested in the expanding digital real estate market.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Crypto Mailbox Services:</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Introduce a unique subscription box service that delivers curated crypto-related products and merchandise to enthusiasts every month. From hardware wallets to exclusive NFTs, this subscription model taps into the growing demand for tangible crypto experiences.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Blockchain-based supply chain verification:</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Address the need for transparency in the supply chain by developing blockchain solutions for manufacturing authentication. Meet growing consumer demand for ethically sourced products and enable companies to prove their products are authentic and sourced.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Crypto-Influencer Companies Managed:</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">As crypto influencers grow in popularity, form an agency that specializes in managing and promoting these digital thought leaders. Connect influencers with relevant crypto industries, creating partnerships that benefit both parties in the ever-expanding crypto community.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Crypto Tax Advisory Service:</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Guide the intricacies of cryptocurrency by providing specialized advisory services. Help individuals and businesses understand and comply with crypto tax laws, and provide an essential service in an environment where tax implications can be complex.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Blockchain-based identity verification platform:</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Prevent identity theft and fraud by building a blockchain-based identity verification platform. Providing individuals and businesses with secure and decentralized solutions for identity verification, to meet the growing need for advanced digital security.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">With the cryptocurrency landscape ripe with opportunities for innovation, these seven business ideas provide a glimpse into the future of the crypto industry. Entrepreneurs will be able to position themselves at the forefront of this dynamic and exciting sector in 2024 by leveraging emerging products and meeting the evolving needs of the crypto communities .</p></div></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-33491814885159845812023-11-26T22:29:00.000-08:002023-11-26T22:29:06.893-08:00Tech Jobs that Are in Demand Amid Tough Economy<p> <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/category/latest-news/" rel="tag" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;">Latest News</a><a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/category/tech-news/" rel="tag" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;">Tech news</a></p><div class="article-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 60px; word-break: break-word;"><header class="entry-header" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><div class="header-text" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 40px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; width: 333.091px; word-break: break-word;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 2.25rem; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 10px auto 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; width: 333.091px; word-break: break-word;">Tech Jobs that Are in Demand Amid Tough Economy</h1><div class="entry-meta has-author-photo" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; align-items: center; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #7a7e82; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 0.8125rem; height: auto; justify-content: center; margin: 0px auto; min-height: 40px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 0px 55px; position: relative; word-break: break-word;"><div class="meta-group author" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><div class="author-photo" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 40px; word-break: break-word;"><a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/author/parvin/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="" class="avatar avatar-160 photo" decoding="async" height="160" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a12224a3adbf95d6819b9d073f9573e5?s=160&d=mm&r=g" srcset="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a12224a3adbf95d6819b9d073f9573e5?s=320&d=mm&r=g 2x" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;" width="160" /></a></div><div class="meta-item author-name" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1rem; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">malika abdullah</div></div></div></div></header><div class="entry-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--content-color); counter-reset: footnotes 0; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px auto 50px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><img alt="Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy " class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-175919" decoding="async" height="500" sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" src="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1.jpg" srcset="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1.jpg 900w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-300x167.jpg 300w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-768x427.jpg 768w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-780x433.jpg 780w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-600x333.jpg 600w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-550x306.jpg 550w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-370x206.jpg 370w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-255x142.jpg 255w, https://www.analyticsinsight.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tech-Jobs-That-are-in-Demand-Amid-Tough-Economy-1-150x83.jpg 150w" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto !important; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: center; word-break: break-word;" width="900" /></h2><h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Here are the in-demand tech jobs and positions that are being considered in the tech industry</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">The <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/top-10-most-lucrative-and-highest-paying-tech-jobs/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent calc(100% - 1px),var(--primary-color) 1px); background-position: 100% center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100% 100%; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;">tech industry</a> has shown resilience and continuing expansion in the face of tough employment markets and hiring freezes caused by the Covid-19 outbreak. Despite economic downturns, demand for some IT occupations remains high, as businesses appreciate the need for digital transformation, increased security, and innovation.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Despite a brief slowdown in hiring, the need for competent IT personnel remains strong, driven by organizations seeking to position themselves for success in the post-pandemic age. Certain IT occupations have not only stayed constant with <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/tech-jobs-in-need-of-tech-talents-to-cater-to-digital-services/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent calc(100% - 1px),var(--primary-color) 1px); background-position: 100% center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100% 100%; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;">tech jobs</a> but have gained in demand as remote work becomes more common and companies attempt to satisfy the expectations of a digital-first society. Here we have discussed the <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/top-10-profitable-tech-jobs-in-2023/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent calc(100% - 1px),var(--primary-color) 1px); background-position: 100% center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100% 100%; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;">tech Jobs that are in demand amid a tough economy</a>. Read to know more about these <a data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.analyticsinsight.net/want-to-work-in-meta-these-are-their-high-paying-tech-jobs/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent calc(100% - 1px),var(--primary-color) 1px); background-position: 100% center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 100% 100%; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px 0px 2px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; word-break: break-word;">In-demand tech jobs</a>.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">1. Cybersecurity Professionals</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">The growing threat of cyber-attacks, along with the transition to remote work arrangements, has increased the demand for cybersecurity personnel. According to a Cybersecurity Ventures report, worldwide cybercrime expenditures are expected to exceed US$10.7 trillion per year by 2025.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">This startling figure highlights the crucial need for professional cybersecurity analysts, ethical hackers, and information security managers. Companies of all sizes are actively looking for professionals to protect and secure their networks, and sensitive data, and reduce any hazards.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">2. Software developers and engineers</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Software developers and engineers are critical to the advancement of technology and the fulfillment of changing client demands. Despite hiring freezes, there is still a high need for these people. The US Bureau of Labour Statistics forecasts a 22% rise in software developer employment from 2019 to 2029, substantially faster than the average for all occupations.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">As businesses adapt to the digital world, competent developers are in high demand to design new apps, manage current systems, and improve user interfaces.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">3. Data Scientists and Analysts</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Data scientists and analysts are in high demand in today’s data-driven world. According to the US Bureau of Labour Statistics, employment of data scientists is expected to expand by 31% between 2019 and 2029, substantially faster than the national average.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">The capacity to analyze massive volumes of data and obtain meaningful insights has evolved into a competitive advantage for firms. Data professionals skilled in data mining, machine learning, and statistical analysis are critical in assisting firms in making informed choices and gaining a competitive advantage in the market.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">4. IT Project Managers</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">The successful deployment of technological innovations requires effective project management. Poor project performance costs businesses US$ 122 million for every US$ 1 billion invested in projects, according to the Project Management Institute. Even amid hiring freezes, skilled IT project managers are in great demand as firms attempt to assure seamless project execution, effective resource management, and meeting deadlines. Project managers with experience in Agile or Scrum techniques are in high demand since these frameworks allow for flexibility and adaptability in unpredictable times.</p><h4 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--text-color); font-family: var(--heading-font); font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 50px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">5. AI And Machine Learning Specialists</span></h4><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto 30px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;">Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have transformed several sectors, increasing the need for specialists in these domains. According to the World Economic Forum, artificial intelligence will produce 12 million new employees by 2025. Companies are aggressively hiring AI and ML expertise to create algorithms, predictive models, and process automation. These individuals play an important role in fostering innovation, boosting operational efficiency, and improving consumer experiences.</p><div><br /></div><div class="awac-wrapper" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;"><div class="awac widget block-11" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-attachment: scroll !important; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-break: break-word;"></div></div></div></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-62225768836106339022022-10-14T14:28:00.001-07:002022-10-14T14:28:27.112-07:00Keep flossing your teeth<p> </p><header class="entry-header post-title title-align-inherit title-tablet-align-inherit title-mobile-align-inherit" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #131213; font-family: Raleway, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: var(--global-palette3); font-family: var(--global-heading-font-family); font-size: 32px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px;">Only Floss The Teeth You Every time you stop in to visit your dentist, you are asked, “Do you floss regularly?” This is because flossing is instrumental in maintaining a healthy, beautiful smile. It helps to remove the plaque that brushing alone can’t reach. While we all know brushing is critical to your oral health, it is important to understand the benefits of flossing daily.</h1></header><div class="entry-content single-content" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #131213; font-family: Raleway, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: var(--global-md-spacing) 0 0; word-break: break-word;"><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: var(--global-md-spacing); margin-top: 0px;">Flossing is a great way to protect your gums. When you floss, your dentist recommends also working between your gums and teeth in order to remove plaque within between your gums. This will prevent the accumulation of plaque that eventually hardens into tartar. Tartar buildup can cause <a href="https://pleasantdentalnewtown.com/periodontics/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.1s linear 0s;">gum disease</a>, which is the leading cause of tooth loss. While you can remove plaque from your teeth and gums, tartar is much stronger, meaning that it requires a trip to your <a href="https://pleasantdentalnewtown.com/about-us/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.1s linear 0s;">06470 dentist</a> in order to remove it. Simple, preventative care such as flossing regularly can help to ward off tartar and to keep all of your teeth.</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: var(--global-md-spacing); margin-top: 0px;">Flossing can also provide financial benefits. This preventative care can reduce more severe problems down the road. Regular visits to the dentist for a <a href="https://pleasantdentalnewtown.com/dental-cleanings-and-examinations/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 0.1s linear 0s;">dental cleaning</a> is a lot more cost effective than needing emergency care due to a lack of flossing. Flossing is a great way to stop the problems before they even start.</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: var(--global-md-spacing); margin-top: 0px;">Flossing is also beneficial to your overall health. By maintaining great oral health, you are able to prevent other systemic problems such as heart disease and respiratory disease. </p></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-79175873918288901332022-10-14T14:25:00.002-07:002022-10-14T14:25:20.483-07:00Why oral health is important <p> </p><div class="by" style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 24px; outline: 0px; position: relative;"><h2 style="color: #54585a; font-size: 26px; line-height: 31px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px;">Oral health: A window to your overall health</h2><span style="display: block; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 24px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Your oral health is more important than you might realize. Learn how the health of your mouth, teeth and gums can affect your general health.</p></span><br /></div><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Did you know that your oral health offers clues about your overall health — or that problems in your mouth can affect the rest of your body? Protect yourself by learning more about the connection between your oral health and overall health.</p><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><br /></p><div class="auto-mobile" style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="auto" style="float: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;"></div></div><h3 style="color: #54585a; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px;">What's the connection between oral health and overall health?</h3><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Like other areas of the body, your mouth teems with bacteria — mostly harmless. But your mouth is the entry point to your digestive and respiratory tracts, and some of these bacteria can cause disease.</p><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Normally the body's natural defenses and good oral health care, such as daily brushing and flossing, keep bacteria under control. However, without proper oral hygiene, bacteria can reach levels that might lead to oral infections, such as tooth decay and gum disease.</p><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Also, certain medications — such as decongestants, antihistamines, painkillers, diuretics and antidepressants — can reduce saliva flow. Saliva washes away food and neutralizes acids produced by bacteria in the mouth, helping to protect you from microbes that multiply and lead to disease.</p><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Studies suggest that oral bacteria and the inflammation associated with a severe form of gum disease (periodontitis) might play a role in some diseases. And certain diseases, such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS, can lower the body's resistance to infection, making oral health problems more severe.</p><div class="auto-mobile" style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="auto" style="float: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;"></div></div><h3 style="color: #54585a; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px;">What conditions can be linked to oral health?</h3><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Your oral health might contribute to various diseases and conditions, including:</p><ul style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px 24px; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>Endocarditis.</strong> This infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers or valves (endocardium) typically occurs when bacteria or other germs from another part of your body, such as your mouth, spread through your bloodstream and attach to certain areas in your heart.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>Cardiovascular disease.</strong> Although the connection is not fully understood, some research suggests that heart disease, clogged arteries and stroke might be linked to the inflammation and infections that oral bacteria can cause.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>Pregnancy and birth complications.</strong> Periodontitis has been linked to premature birth and low birth weight.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>Pneumonia.</strong> Certain bacteria in your mouth can be pulled into your lungs, causing pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.</li></ul><div id="ad-mobile-top-container" style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; position: relative;"></div><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Certain conditions also might affect your oral health, including:</p><ul style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px 24px; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><strong>Diabetes.</strong> By reducing the body's resistance to infection, diabetes puts your gums at risk. Gum disease appears to be more frequent and severe among people who have diabetes.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Research shows that people who have gum disease have a harder time controlling their blood sugar levels. Regular periodontal care can improve diabetes control.</p></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>HIV/AIDS.</strong> Oral problems, such as painful mucosal lesions, are common in people who have HIV/AIDS.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>Osteoporosis.</strong> This bone-weakening disease is linked with periodontal bone loss and tooth loss. Certain drugs used to treat osteoporosis carry a small risk of damage to the bones of the jaw.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>Alzheimer's disease.</strong> Worsening oral health is seen as Alzheimer's disease progresses.</li></ul><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Other conditions that might be linked to oral health include eating disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers and an immune system disorder that causes dry mouth (Sjogren's syndrome).</p><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Tell your dentist about the medications you take and about changes in your overall health, especially if you've recently been ill or you have a chronic condition, such as diabetes.</p><div class="auto-mobile" style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="auto" style="float: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;"></div></div><h3 style="color: #54585a; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px;">How can I protect my oral health?</h3><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">To protect your oral health, practice good oral hygiene daily.</p><ul style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px 24px; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes each time. Use a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Floss daily.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Use mouthwash to remove food particles left after brushing and flossing.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Eat a healthy diet and limit sugary food and drinks.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Replace your toothbrush every three to four months, or sooner if bristles are splayed or worn.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Schedule regular dental checkups and cleanings.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Avoid tobacco use.</li></ul><div id="ad-mobile-top-container" style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; outline: 0px; position: relative;"></div><p style="color: #111111; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 12px;">Also, contact your dentist as soon as an oral health problem arises. Taking care of your oral health is an investment in your overall health</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-85707961677145171402022-10-10T13:13:00.002-07:002022-10-10T13:13:26.184-07:00John Boyd OODA Loop and Decision making<p> </p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "Gentium Book Basic", serif; font-size: 20px; margin-bottom: 35px;"><h1 class="entry-title" style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 2.5rem; letter-spacing: -0.01em; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px;">The Strategic Theory of John Boyd</h1></header><div class="entry-content" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "Gentium Book Basic", serif; font-size: 20px; margin-top: -20px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">If you are interested in strategy, you will likely encounter military strategy. If you get interested in military strategy, you will likely encounter a man called John Boyd.</p><div class="wp-block-image" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter" style="clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-989" height="380" sizes="(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px" src="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image.jpeg" srcset="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image.jpeg 554w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-300x206.jpeg 300w" style="border-radius: inherit; border-style: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" width="554" /></figure></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">To some people, <span style="font-weight: 700;">Boyd was one of the greatest military strategists of all time</span>, alongside Sun Tzu and Karl von Clausewitz.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">To others, he was a crackpot. Cedric Chin <a href="https://commoncog.com/blog/much-ado-about-the-ooda-loop/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">quotes</a> USAF Chief of Staff General Merrill McPeak, who said: “Boyd is highly overrated…in many respects he was a failed officer and even a failed human being.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">I don’t endorse joining the military, but I do endorse learning about John Boyd. Over the last three years, I’ve read many books about Boyd and his ideas. <span style="font-weight: 700;">In this post, I will synthesize my own research and understanding of Boyd’s account of strategy in general,</span> not specifically with respect to military applications but as applicable in business, non-profit organizations, and my own personal domain of interest, monasteries.</p><div class="wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1 uagb-block-5c06fe43 " data-offset="30" data-scroll="1"><div class="uagb-toc__wrap" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; padding: 30px; width: 1035px;"><div class="uagb-toc__title" style="align-items: center; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;">Table Of Contents<svg viewbox="0 0 384 512" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M192 384c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L192 306.8l137.4-137.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-160 160C208.4 380.9 200.2 384 192 384z"></path></svg></div><div class="uagb-toc__list-wrap" style="column-count: 1; overflow: hidden;"><ol class="uagb-toc__list" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.2em; padding: 0px;"><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#who-was-john-boyd" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Who was John Boyd?</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#what-were-boyds-major-ideas" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">What were Boyd’s major ideas?</a><ul class="uagb-toc__list" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.2em; padding: 0px;"><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#uncertainty" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Uncertainty</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#ooda" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">OODA</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#asymmetric-fast-transients" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Asymmetric Fast Transients</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#the-expected-and-the-unexpected" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">The Expected and the Unexpected</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#induction-and-deduction" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Induction and Deduction</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#complex-adaptive-systems" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Complex Adaptive Systems</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#moral-warfare" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Moral Warfare</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#putting-people-first-with-mission-command" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Putting People First with Mission Command</a></li></ul></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#applying-boyd-to-monastic-training" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Applying Boyd to Monastic Training</a></li><li class="uagb-toc__list" style="list-style-type: disc !important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px;"><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/the-strategic-theory-of-john-boyd/#learning-more-about-boyd" style="background-color: transparent; color: #54595f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Learning More About Boyd</a></li></ol></div></div></div><h3 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="who-was-john-boyd"></span><a id="post-988-_i7fjzd1voyg1" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>Who was John Boyd?</h3><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Over the course of his career, Boyd went from being one of the best pilots and dogfighters in the US Air Force, to providing the theoretical foundation for the military reform movement in the 1970’s and 1980’s.</p><figure class="wp-block-image" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-990" height="1087" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1761px) 100vw, 1761px" src="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1.jpeg" srcset="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1.jpeg 1761w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-600x370.jpeg 600w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-300x185.jpeg 300w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-1024x632.jpeg 1024w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-768x474.jpeg 768w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-1536x948.jpeg 1536w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-700x432.jpeg 700w" style="border-radius: inherit; border-style: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" width="1761" /></figure><p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: center;"><em>Biographical History of John Boyd’s life – Osinga’s Science, Strategy, and War (p. 41)</em></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">John Boyd’s formal military career began in 1944, when he enlisted in the US Army.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">In the early fifties, he transferred to the US Air Force, where he became a star pilot during the Korean War, and later became an instructor at the prestigious Fighter Weapons School.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">There, he found a passion for teaching and sharing his insights, which culminated in the publication of his famous <em>Aerial Attack Study,</em> which Ian T. Brown says “was such a thorough piece of work that no significant contributions have been made to fighter tactics since its publication.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">In the early sixties, he received a degree in Industrial Engineering from Georgia Tech University. He combined his newfound skills in mathematics and engineering with his intuition for aviation to create Energy-Maneuverability (E-M) Theory, which allowed engineers to determine an aircraft’s performance characteristics or to design an aircraft to optimize performance.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">E-M Theory allowed Boyd to compare the relative performance of American and Soviet planes, leading to the astonishing realization that Soviet aircraft tended to perform better than the American planes. This shock enabled the United States military to course correct, and to develop new aircraft that exceeded Soviet weaponry. Boyd used his E-M theory in these efforts, leading to the creation of multiple aircraft, including the F-16 Fighting Falcon, as well as the F-15 Eagle, The F/A-18 Hornet, and the A-10 Thunderbolt II.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">After his official retirement in 1975, he continued to work, but as a civilian. This final phase of his career began with a period of research. Boyd intensively studied topics like science and history in order to work towards a more general account of conflict, strategy, and victory.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Boyd’s research gave him a theoretical basis for adapting his insights in domains like aircraft combat and design to war and conflict more broadly.</span> He fleshed these theories out in a series of presentations that he developed from 1976 to 1995: <em>Destruction and Creation, Patterns of Conflict, Organic Design for Command and Control, The Strategic Game of ? and ?, Revelation, </em>and <em>The Essence of Winning and Losing. </em>Boyd delivered these presentations repeatedly to audiences in the Pentagon and different branches of the military. These presentations were known for taking hours, or in some cases, days.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd’s research, theories, and presentations formed a significant component of the military reform movement in the 1970’s and 1980’s. These presentations also led to the development of the philosophy of maneuver warfare, as adopted by the Marine Corps and some other branches of the military.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">In 1990, he was also asked by Dick Cheney, as George H. W. Bush’s Secretary of Defense, to help develop a strategy for Operation Desert Storm, the first Gulf War. The first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">Gulf War</a>’s rapid speed—42 days in early 1991—has been attributed to Boyd’s influence.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd was a practitioner, a researcher, a theoretician, and a pragmatist. He based his theories on both his first-hand experience and his research, and used his theories to enact change in multiple branches of the U.S. military, in multiple different ways throughout his official career and even after his formal retirement.</p><h3 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="what-were-boyds-major-ideas"></span><a id="post-988-_m8k7fey3w7hh" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>What were Boyd’s major ideas?</h3><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Although Boyd was primarily interested in military strategy, his ideas illuminate strategy and conflict more broadly. <span style="font-weight: 700;">He offered what Frans Osinga calls a “comprehensive theory of conflict,” including the levels of tactics, operations, strategy, and grand strategy.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Some have seen him as a “great synthesizer,” integrating a wide range of ideas from military history and contemporary science into a contemporary account of strategy. Osinga claims this view is incomplete, as “it fails to acknowledge genuine novel elements he added to this synthesis” and the ways in which his ideas transcend “those of classical theorists of the manueverists school of strategic thought.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">For example, it would be easy to limit Boyd’s work to merely re-hashing Sun Tzu’s ideas for the 20th century. Indeed, Osinga claims that Sun Tzu “must be considered the true conceptual albeit ancient father of Boyd’s work.” Boyd repeatedly read Sun Tzu’s <em>The Art of War</em>, and it was “the only theoretical book on war that Boyd did not find fundamentally flawed.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Osinga believes that while Boyd was heavily inspired by Sun Tzu, Boyd also made novel contributions to Sun Tzu’s work “by rediscovering, translating and updating the concepts of Sun Tzu and the other strategists to suit the era he found himself in. To Sun Tzu Boyd adds the Blitzkrieg concept which re-combines, according to Boyd, the elements that have historically produced success using the new tools of this century; the tank, the aircraft and modern communication equipment. To some extent one could also consider his rediscovery of operational art a novelty in his day.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Osinga sees Boyd as “the first postmodern strategist both in content and in his approach to making strategy and strategic theory.”</span> He demonstrates that through his reading, Boyd was familiar with the questions and research in the larger scientific and epistemic Zeitgeist, and worked to develop an account of strategy that was consistent with these findings.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Unfortunately, <span style="font-weight: 700;">learning about Boyd’s ideas is challenging and laborious, for several reasons. </span>Most importantly, Boyd never wrote a treatise summarizing his thoughts and works as a whole. <a href="http://pogoarchives.org/m/dni/john_boyd_compendium/destruction_and_creation.pdf" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"><em>Destruction and Creation</em></a> is an essay, but it is a brief eight page document. Boyd’s basic approach to research and sharing his ideas was creating, delivering, and refining oral presentations. While some recordings of Boyd exist, these presentations are largely preserved in the form of slides, which are difficult to understand without Boyd’s verbal explanations or the analysis of experts like Osinga. Moreover, the slides exist in different versions, as Boyd iterated on his presentations over time as his thinking evolved.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Another challenge in learning Boyd’s ideas is that not all of his adherents understood his ideas completely. Brown in particular criticizes William S. Lind, who promoted Boyd’s ideas widely but had an “incomplete interpretation” that “reached a much wider audience, but…left the nuances of Boyd’s briefings behind.” This has resulted in oversimplifications of Boyd’s ideas, which can look trite and underwhelming in their watered down forms.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">In what follows, <span style="font-weight: 700;">I will present and summarize the most important ideas I’ve come across from Boyd. </span>I will present them in the most general form possible, without overly emphasizing their military applications.</p><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="uncertainty"></span><a id="post-988-_byievasmxwy" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>Uncertainty</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd’s account of strategy claims that <span style="font-weight: 700;">uncertainty and change being a fundamental aspect of conflict and, more generally, life itself. </span>Rather than avoiding uncertainty, <span style="font-weight: 700;">embracing it will help individuals and organizations to survive and thrive.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd’s emphasis on uncertainty comes from a variety of sources, but most notably it comes from <span style="font-weight: 700;">his unique connection between and synthesis of Gödel’s incompleteness theorem</span> (“One cannot determine the consistency of a system within itself”), <span style="font-weight: 700;">Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle</span> (“One cannot simultaneously fix or determine precisely the momentum and position of a particle”), <span style="font-weight: 700;">and the Second Law of Thermodynamics</span> (“All natural processes generate entropy”). Boyd claims that “taken together… [these proofs] say that one cannot determine the character or nature of a system within itself. Moreover, attempts to do so lead to confusion and disorder.”</p><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="ooda"></span><a id="post-988-_dc7wp683kz9y" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>OODA</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Boyd’s most famous idea is his “OODA loop,” also known as the “decision cycle” or “Boyd cycle.”</span> Typically, this is presented as a four-step process that relates to decisions or conflicts at any level:</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><li>Observation: noticing or perceiving a situation <em>(“I see a fast object coming towards me!”)</em></li><li>Orientation: interpreting or making an estimation of the situation <em>(“That’s probably a drunk driver! They might hit me!”)</em></li><li>Decision: making a decision of what to do about that situation <em>(“I’m going to jump out of the way.”)</em></li><li>Action: taking the action <em>(Jumping out of the way)</em></li></ul><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">This action creates a new situation, and the loop can repeat itself.</p><div class="wp-block-image" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter" style="clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-991" height="388" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 606px) 100vw, 606px" src="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1.png" srcset="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1.png 606w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-600x384.png 600w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-1-300x192.png 300w" style="border-radius: inherit; border-style: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" width="606" /></figure></div><p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: center;"><em>Simplified OODA Loop – Osinga’s Science, Strategy, and War (p. 2)</em></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Each person or group operates within their own decision cycle. The person who loops through the OODA loop faster has an advantage over their enemies. There are two ways to be faster: to move faster, or to cause the enemy to be slower by creating friction. Either way, you loop faster and more effectively than your enemy, you will succeed. Seen through the lens of the OODA loop, time is a major advantage if used well.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">While this way of understanding of the OODA loop can be useful, it is an oversimplification. </span>This oversimplification is useful at the tactical level but less so at higher levels of strategy. It also leads to an overemphasis on speed. Brown says that Boyd criticized maneuverists who “clung to the idea of absolute speed, [responding] ‘Christ, we’ll all drive each other nuts.’” The main point for Boyd was to have <em>relative</em> speed: “All I have to do is be faster than my adversary. I can be slow as long as I slow [him] down even more.” To take the OODA loop at face level would be to miss its deeper significance, which has applications at all levels of strategy.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Towards the end of his life, Boyd created a more complete rendering of the OODA loop. </span>Here is the full OODA loop:</p><div class="wp-block-image" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter" style="clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-992" height="594" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px" src="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2.png" srcset="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2.png 1040w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-600x343.png 600w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-300x171.png 300w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-1024x585.png 1024w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-768x439.png 768w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-700x400.png 700w" style="border-radius: inherit; border-style: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" width="1040" /></figure></div><p class="has-text-align-center" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: center;"><em>The Real OODA Loop – Osinga’s Science, Strategy, and War (p. 270)</em></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Rather than a simple linear loop, each part of the OODA loop has a number of connections with the others. This is what Boyd described as an “ongoing many-sided implicit cross-referencing process of projection, correlation, and rejection.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">In this diagram, <span style="font-weight: 700;">Orientation, or the “Big O,” plays a central role:</span> it “shapes observation, shapes decision, shapes action, and in turn is shaped by the feedback and other phenomena coming into our sensing or observing window.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Osinga explains: “The mental images we construct are shaped by our personal experience, genetic heritage, and cultural traditions, but they are also measured up against incoming new information to validate existing schemata. The entire OODA loop is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-loop_learning" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">double-loop learning process</a>, but the Orientation element itself thus also contains such a double loop feature.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">If we can refine and improve our orientations—our <a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/make-your-own-damn-mental-models/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">models</a> for interpreting what we are observing—then we will act more effectively than our enemies, or adapt to changing circumstances with more success.</p><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="asymmetric-fast-transients"></span><a id="post-988-_vsrl8xtv8en9" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>Asymmetric Fast Transients</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Much of Boyd’s theories came from his direct experience flying F-86’s in combat and as an instructor. Boyd was famous for a standing bet he developed as an instructor at the Fighter Weapons School. He claimed that if another fighter pilot was on his six (behind him), he could reverse their positions within forty seconds. If he failed, he would pay the other pilot forty dollars.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">As Coram tells it, no one ever beat Boyd, who earned the nickname “Forty-Second Boyd” and may very well be the best pilot in the history of the U.S. Air Force.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd relied heavily on a “quick and violent maneuver” he developed to solve a problem with the F-100 planes, the “adverse yaw problem.” This allowed him to quickly switch positions with another pilot on his tail, so that Boyd would be in the clear defensively and also able to “hose” or destroy his opponent.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd later generalized this phenomenon from air combat in particular to strategy in general with the term <span style="font-weight: 700;">“asymmetric fast transient,” which Richards elucidates as follows:</span></p><blockquote class="wp-block-quote" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #777777; font-style: italic; margin: 0px 0px 2.4em; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 12px 0px 0px 44px; position: relative;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">A <span style="font-weight: 700;">“transient” </span>is a shift from one state to another, <span style="font-weight: 700;">“fast”</span> refers to the time it takes to make the shift (not, as is often thought, the velocity of the aircraft itself), and <span style="font-weight: 700;">“asymmetric”</span> means that one side is better at it than the other… fast transients can be found in most any form of competition.</p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">An asymmetric fast transient, like Boyd’s maneuvering of the F-100, is <span style="font-weight: 700;">an astonishing and unexpected move to the unsuspecting opponent.</span> It exemplifies excellent usage of the OODA loop concept, where one opponent can operate inside of the other’s OODA loop, with a faster rhythm than their opponent.</p><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="the-expected-and-the-unexpected"></span><a id="post-988-_nk3p5qfnbxcz" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>The Expected and the Unexpected</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">This phrase comes from the Chinese words cheng and ch’i. These words are sometimes translated as the expected and unexpected, or as the orthodox and unorthodox.</span> Osinga also translates them as direct and indirect, regular and irregular, extraordinary and normal. Both Sun Tzu and Boyd emphasized cheng and ch’i, the expected and the unexpected, as critical maneuvers.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">This concept is straightforward to understand. An enemy would likely expect you to fight them with weapons, but they might not expect you to poison their water supply. Or, for an example from business, Teslas have standard car features like chairs, but also include <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/9/30/9421719/tesla-model-x-bioweapon-defense-mode-button" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">‘bioweapon defense mode’ buttons</a>. Chairs are expected. Biohazard modes are unexpected.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Success in any competitive domain requires a combination of expected and unexpected maneuvers.</span> Tesla wouldn’t succeed if they skipped the chairs, or seatbelts. But including features like biohazard modes or a front-facing trunk or any of their other unexpected, unusual features means customers will be drawn to their product, and competitors will be caught off guard.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">In the military domain, using a combination of the expected and the unexpected means that you can surprise your enemy, and achieve rapid victory while avoiding unnecessary harm through prolonged engagement.</p><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="induction-and-deduction"></span><a id="post-988-_vkwl3mavwda0" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>Induction and Deduction</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">One aspect of the Orientation part of Boyd’s OODA loop is analysis and synthesis. </span>This relates to <span style="font-weight: 700;">deduction, or going from the general to the specific, and induction, or going from the specific to the general. </span>By analyzing and synthesizing our observations and interpretations, we can generate new orientations towards what we are perceiving, so that we can act more effectively.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Boyd’s work demonstrated his mastery of analysis and synthesis.</span> His work drew on a variety of influences, adapting them into a coherent synthetic account of strategy writ large. Osinga lists these influences in the following chronological diagram (p. 121):</p><div class="wp-block-image" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter" style="clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-993" height="928" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1412px) 100vw, 1412px" src="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-3.png" srcset="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-3.png 1412w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-3-600x394.png 600w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-3-300x197.png 300w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-3-1024x673.png 1024w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-3-768x505.png 768w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-3-700x460.png 700w" style="border-radius: inherit; border-style: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" width="1412" /></figure></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Chet Richards has a similar diagram listing Boyd’s influences that is also helpful for seeing how they impacted Boyd’s thinking:</p><div class="wp-block-image" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><figure class="aligncenter" style="clear: both; display: table; margin: 0px auto;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-994" height="1536" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" src="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2.jpeg" srcset="https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2.jpeg 2048w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-600x450.jpeg 600w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-300x225.jpeg 300w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://tasshin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/word-image-2-700x525.jpeg 700w" style="border-radius: inherit; border-style: none; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" width="2048" /></figure></div><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="complex-adaptive-systems"></span><a id="post-988-_54znr634cymj" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>Complex Adaptive Systems</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Each level of war can be interpreted through the lens of the OODA loop. Each individual, group, and nation has its own OODA loop or OODA loops, which are interacting with each other and evolving over time.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd’s theory fits neatly with the development of complex adaptive systems, an idea which Boyd followed closely. According to Osinga, <span style="font-weight: 700;">Boyd would interchangeably refer to armed forces as complex adaptive systems, organisms, systems, processes of transformations, and even brains.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Individuals or organizations that can understand themselves as complex adaptive systems are at a competitive advantage against those that do not.</span></p><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="moral-warfare"></span><a id="post-988-_10brj990pazn" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>Moral Warfare</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Another important aspect of Boyd’s account of strategy is his emphasis on moral warfare</span>. Like many of his ideas, this accords with his interest in and interpretation of Sun Tzu, the classical Chinese strategist.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Here, <span style="font-weight: 700;">the moral doesn’t strictly mean the ethical sense, right and wrong.</span> Boyd defined it in <em>The Strategic Game of ? and ?</em> as<span style="font-weight: 700;"> “the cultural codes of conduct or standards of behavior that constrain, as well as sustain and focus, our emotional/intellectual responses.”</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">To put it simply, the moral aspect of war or conflict can be described in terms of trust. </span>If we are teammates or allies, can we <a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/trustworthy-leaders/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">trust</a> each other? Do our enemies trust each other? Trust leads to effective collaboration and coordination; mistrust leads to failure. Therefore, the side with more shared trust will succeed.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">The moral dimension of war can be weaponized.</span> We can preserve the trust we have internally, while working to sow distrust amongst our enemies. One of the main ways this works is to point out the enemy’s hypocrisy, especially to their followers or citizens. Conversely, <span style="font-weight: 700;">preserving one’s own </span><a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/on-integrity/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">integrity</span></a><span style="font-weight: 700;"> is a way to protect shared trust and therefore effectiveness.</span></p><h4 style="clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: "Gentium Basic", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1.5em;"><span class="uag-toc__heading-anchor" id="putting-people-first-with-mission-command"></span><a id="post-988-_k5mfegbpis9q" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; text-decoration-line: underline; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;"></a>Putting People First with Mission Command</h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">One of Boyd’s famous quips was <span style="font-weight: 700;">“People, ideas, hardware—in that order.”</span> Boyd vehemently argued that “Machines don’t fight wars. Terrain doesn’t fight wars. Humans fight wars. You must get into the minds of humans. That’s where the battles are won.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Because people are more important than ideas or hardware (including firepower, manpower, sheer quantitative superiority, etc.), one must understand psychology, leadership, and management.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">From this perspective, micromanagement is poisonous. As Boyd said, <span style="font-weight: 700;">“the more you try to control people, the less control you get.”</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">When we micromanage people, we are implicitly saying, “I don’t trust you.” While it might work in the short-term, micromanagement sows mutual distrust and the conditions for failure in the long-term.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Instead, our leadership style must be built on shared trust and understanding. This trust and understanding takes time to build, and can’t be built on the battlefield or at moments of crisis. Instead, it has to be earned through training and collaboration over time.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-weight: 700;">Boyd advocated for a leadership style from the Blitzkrieg style of warfare, the German Command and Control system. </span>This form of leadership is often described in contemporary strategy as <span style="font-weight: 700;">Mission Command</span>.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">In Mission Command, there is a superior and a subordinate. The specific setting doesn’t matter: it might be in the military, or a business, or some other setting. In any case, the superior and subordinate have a mutual relationship of shared trust and understanding, built over years of collaboration.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">When a situation arises, the superior has a conversation with the subordinate. They present the situation as they understand it. They then propose a course of action to the subordinate, along with specific notes about requirements or constraints.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Having heard the situation and proposal, the subordinate has two choices. They can accept the mission outright. In this case, they have permission to accomplish the mission in whatever way seems best to them, provided they meet the requirements or constraints mentioned by their superior. They also have permission to adapt to the real-world circumstances that they find.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Their second option is to reject the mission as proposed by the commander, and make a counter-proposal. The subordinate may have reservations about the commander’s interpretation of the situation, or about their specific proposal.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">It is their duty to provide their honest opinion about the situation, even if they disagree with their commander. Mission Command won’t work if the subordinate feels uncomfortable sharing their perspective. This is necessary for coming to a shared decision about what to do, at which point the subordinate’s support is expected.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">One of the advantages of Mission Command is that it allows the subordinate to adapt the plan, which can be useful if new information arises or communication between the superior and the subordinate becomes impossible. The subordinate is actually on the front lines of a situation, and can combine the latest information with their understanding of the original intent or mission. This enables decentralized decision-making, which can be faster and more effective.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">The adaptive and decentralized qualities of Mission Command depends on shared trust. This shared trust is a result of an emphasis on implicit over explicit communication. People and teams that know each other can communicate implicitly and efficiently, and when they are unable to communicate they can anticipate each other’s thoughts or responses to novel circumstances. This familiarity and trust is a result of training and exposure over time, and results in a fast, effective communication style.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><em>FMFM-1 Warfighting</em> gives specific suggestions about how to cultivate this trust over time:</p><ol style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><li>“First, we should establish<span style="font-weight: 700;"> long-term working relationships</span> to develop the necessary familiarity and trust.</li><li>Second, key people – <span style="font-weight: 700;">‘actuals’ – should talk directly to one another when possible</span>, rather than through communicators or messengers.</li><li>Third, <span style="font-weight: 700;">we should communicate orally when possible</span>, because we communicate also in how we talk; our inflections and tone of voice.</li><li>And fourth, <span style="font-weight: 700;">we should communicate in person when possible</span>, because we also communicate through our gestures and bearing.”</li></ol><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Brown adds that these implicit shared knowledge can be trained “by giving [people] constant and repeated hands-on experience under a variety of conditions to build a repertoire of responses and, just as importantly, inculcate decision making and action as a habit.” This has to be developed during <a href="https://tasshin.com/blog/peacetime-productivity-wartime-productivity/" style="background-color: transparent; color: #19197f; transition: background-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, border-color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.15s ease-in-out 0s, opacity 0.15s ease-in-out 0s;">peacetime</a>, so disjointed action in war can “all [aim] toward the common end state desired by the overall commander.”</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">I have described Mission Command and the German Command and Control System from the Blitzkrieg style of warfare in plain English language that will be understandable and useful even outside of the military context. But for those of you that choose to dive deeper into these ideas, it may be useful to note the German words for each of the concepts we have covered:</p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><li><span style="font-weight: 700;">Einheit: </span>Mutual trust, unity, and cohesion</li><li><span style="font-weight: 700;">Auftragstaktik: </span>Mission, generally considered as a contract between superior and subordinate</li><li><span style="font-weight: 700;">Schwerpunkt: </span>Any concept that provides focus and direction to the operation</li><li><span style="font-weight: 700;">Nebenpunkt: </span>Secondary points that support the Schwerpunkt or main focus</li><li><span style="font-weight: 700;">Fingerspitzengefühl:</span> Intuitive feel, especially for complex and potentially chaotic situations</li></ul><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Fingerspitzengefühl covers the implicit or intuitive sense for how a novel circumstance should be approached with the intent or mission. While this is usually discussed in terms of an individual subordinate having fingerspitzengefühl for what they should do in a given situation,</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">Boyd also claimed that <span style="font-weight: 700;">it is also desirable for there to be “organizational fingerspitzengefühl…</span>you really want to operate like a family, and you’re a very large family… the whole family’s got the fingerspitzengefühl.”</p></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-51448535969116592192022-05-06T10:40:00.002-07:002022-05-06T10:40:33.715-07:00Russia's super yatch <p> Last week of April 22<span style="font-family: CoreSansNRCond, "Bodoni MT", Didot, "Didot LT STD", "Hoefler Text", Garamond, "Calisto MT", "Times New Roman", sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold;">, Amadea’s fate still hanged in the balance. This stunning superyacht allegedly owned by a controversial Russian billionaire had supposedly made it to safety after having crossed the Pacific following the sanctions against Russia. But nearly a month later, the U.S. officially gets to decide what’s going to happen to it.</span></p><div class="ad300x250 ad-intext mgtope_2 mgbote_1 mgcenter" style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: CoreSansNRCond, "Bodoni MT", Didot, "Didot LT STD", "Hoefler Text", Garamond, "Calisto MT", "Times New Roman", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-inline: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 2rem !important; min-height: 250px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 393.091px;"><div data-google-query-id="CKKAz5i1y_cCFQrSUQodChwNrw" id="AE_news_300x250_mobile__placement_62755d0b82f2d__" style="height: auto !important; margin-block: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline: 0px; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; max-height: none !important; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 393.091px;"></div></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-27279650655303913712022-05-04T14:22:00.003-07:002022-05-04T14:22:55.386-07:005 best investing earning apps<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">Investing is risky. It comes with few guarantees. The only investing guarantee I can offer is this: everything held equal, the less you pay in fees, the better your returns. And investing apps are making it easier than ever to invest commission-free.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Fees don’t have to stop you from making wise and lucrative investments. Thankfully, we live in the 21st century, and there’s never been a better time to be a small investor. </p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">And now, in today's mobile world, investing is becoming easier and cheaper than ever. Plus, with the investing price war that's been going on, it's cheaper than ever to invest!</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Here are the best investing apps that let you invest for free (yes, free).</p><div class="ct_column" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(rgb(176, 177, 181) 0px, rgb(59, 59, 60) 1px, rgb(59, 59, 60) 2px, rgb(176, 177, 181) 3px, transparent 3px, transparent 6px); background-origin: initial !important; background-position: calc(100% - 2px) 0px; background-repeat: repeat-y; background-size: 1px 6px; box-sizing: content-box; color: #333333; flex: 0 0 100%; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><div class="tve_ct_level0" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 10px; width: 351.784px;"><a href="https://thecollegeinvestor.com/19598/investing-apps-invest-for-free/#tab-con-4" rel="nofollow" style="--tcb-applied-color: var$(--tcb-color-1); --tve-applied-color: var$(--tve-color,var$(--tcb-color-1)); background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; outline-width: 0px; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">1. M1 Finance</a></div><div class="tve_ct_level0" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 10px; width: 351.784px;"><a href="https://thecollegeinvestor.com/19598/investing-apps-invest-for-free/#tab-con-8" rel="nofollow" style="--tcb-applied-color: var$(--tcb-color-1); --tve-applied-color: var$(--tve-color,var$(--tcb-color-1)); background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">2. Fidelity</a></div><div class="tve_ct_level0" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 10px; width: 351.784px;"><a href="https://thecollegeinvestor.com/19598/investing-apps-invest-for-free/#tab-con-7" rel="nofollow" style="--tcb-applied-color: var$(--tcb-color-1); --tve-applied-color: var$(--tve-color,var$(--tcb-color-1)); background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">3. TD Ameritrade</a></div><div class="tve_ct_level0" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 10px; width: 351.784px;"><a href="https://thecollegeinvestor.com/19598/investing-apps-invest-for-free/#tab-con-1" rel="nofollow" style="--tcb-applied-color: var$(--tcb-color-1); --tve-applied-color: var$(--tve-color,var$(--tcb-color-1)); background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">4. Robinhood</a></div></div><div class="ct_column" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; box-sizing: content-box; color: #333333; flex: 0 0 100%; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><div class="tve_ct_level0" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #4b4b4b; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 10px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 10px; width: 351.784px;"><a href="https://thecollegeinvestor.com/19598/investing-apps-invest-for-free/#tab-con-2" rel="nofollow" style="--tcb-applied-color: var$(--tcb-color-1); --tve-applied-color: var$(--tve-color,var$(--tcb-color-1)); background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">5. Vanguard</a></div></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-30557502668091744132022-05-04T03:40:00.000-07:002022-05-04T03:40:00.310-07:00Types of block chain<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">There are four different</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/what-is-blockchain" rel="nofollow noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="types of blockchains">types of blockchains</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">. They are as follows:</span></p><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Private Blockchain Networks</h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Private blockchains operate on closed networks, and tend to work well for private businesses and organizations. Companies can use private blockchains to customize their accessibility and authorization preferences, parameters to the network, and other important security options. Only one authority manages a private blockchain network.</p><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Public Blockchain Networks</h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies originated from public blockchains, which also played a role in popularizing distributed ledger technology (DLT). Public blockchains also help to eliminate certain challenges and issues, such as security flaws and centralization. With DLT, data is distributed across a peer-to-peer network, rather than being stored in a single location. A consensus algorithm is used for verifying information authenticity; proof of stake (PoS) and proof of work (PoW) are two frequently used consensus methods. </p><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Permissioned Blockchain Networks</h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Also sometimes known as hybrid blockchains, permissioned blockchain networks are private blockchains that allow special access for authorized individuals. Organizations typically set up these types of blockchains to get the best of both worlds, and it enables better structure when assigning who can participate in the network and in what transactions.</p><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Consortium Blockchains</h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Similar to permissioned blockchains, consortium blockchains have both public and private components, except multiple organizations will manage a single consortium blockchain network. Although these types of blockchains can initially be more complex to set up, once they are running, they can offer better security. Additionally, consortium blockchains are optimal for collaboration with multiple organizations.</p><h2 id="the_process_of_transaction" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 64px; max-width: 100%;">The Process of Transaction</h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">One of Blockchain technology’s cardinal features is the way it confirms and authorizes transactions. For example, if two individuals wish to perform a transaction with a private and public key, respectively, the first person party would attach the transaction information to the public key of the second party. This total information is gathered together into a block.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">The block contains a digital signature, a timestamp, and other important, relevant information. It should be noted that the block doesn’t include the identities of the individuals involved in the transaction. This block is then transmitted across all of the network's nodes, and when the right individual uses his private key and matches it with the block, the transaction gets completed successfully.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">In addition to conducting financial transactions, the Blockchain can also hold transactional details of properties, vehicles, etc.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Here’s a use case that illustrates how Blockchain works:</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #51565e; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Hash Encryptions</h3>blockchain technology uses <a href="https://www.baeldung.com/cs/hashing-vs-encryption" rel="nofollow noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="hashing and encryption">hashing and encryption</a> to secure the data, relying mainly on the SHA256 algorithm to secure the information. The address of the sender (public key), the receiver’s address, the </li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;">. The encrypted information, called hash encryption, is transmitted across the world and added to the blockchain after verification. The SHA256 algorithm makes it almost impossible to hack the hash encryption, which in turn simplifies the sender and receiver’s authentication.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Proof of Work</h3>In a Blockchain, each block consists of 4 main headers.<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;">Previous Hash: This hash address locates the previous block.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;">Transaction Details: Details of all the transactions that need to occur.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;">Nonce: An arbitrary number given in cryptography to differentiate the block’s hash address.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;">Hash Address of the Block: All of the above (i.e., preceding hash, transaction details, and nonce) are transmitted through a hashing algorithm. This gives an output containing a 256-bit, 64 character length value, which is called the unique ‘hash address.’ Consequently, it is referred to as the hash of the block.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;">Numerous people around the world try to figure out the right hash value to meet a pre-determined condition using computational algorithms. The transaction completes when the predetermined condition is met. To put it more plainly, Blockchain miners attempt to solve a mathematical puzzle, which is referred to as a proof of work problem. Whoever solves it first gets a reward.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Mining</h3>In Blockchain technology, the process of adding transactional details to the present digital/public ledger is called ‘mining.’ Though the term is associated with <a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/blockchain-tutorial/dogecoin-vs-bitcoin" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a>, it is used to refer to other Blockchain technologies as well. Mining involves generating the hash of a block transaction, which is tough to forge, thereby ensuring the safety of the entire Blockchain without needing a central system</li></ul></li></ul>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-85545445241778665852022-05-04T03:36:00.003-07:002022-05-04T03:36:55.999-07:00Unlocking block chain: how does block chain work <p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">recent years, you may have noticed many businesses around the world integrating Blockchain technology. But how exactly does Blockchain technology work? Is this a significant change or a simple addition? The advancements of Blockchain are still young and have the potential to be revolutionary in the future; so, let’s begin demystifying this technology.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Blockchain is a combination of three leading technologies:</p><ol style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #51565e; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 14px;">Cryptographic keys</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 14px;">A peer-to-peer network containing a shared ledger</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 14px;">A means of computing, to store the transactions and records of the network</li></ol><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Cryptography keys consist of two keys – Private key and Public key. These keys help in performing successful transactions between two parties. Each individual has these two keys, which they use to produce a secure digital identity reference. This secured identity is the most important aspect of Blockchain technology. In the world of cryptocurrency, this identity is referred to as ‘digital signature’ and is used for authorizing and controlling transactions.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">The digital signature is merged with the peer-to-peer network; a large number of individuals who act as authorities use the digital signature in order to reach a consensus on transactions, among other issues. When they authorize a deal, it is certified by a mathematical verification, which results in a successful secured transaction between the two network-connected parties. So to sum it up, Blockchain users employ cryptography keys to perform different types of digital interactions over the peer-to-peer network</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-46178697409427412672022-05-04T03:35:00.003-07:002022-05-04T03:35:21.440-07:00Block chain popularity secret <p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Suppose you are transferring money to your family or friends from your bank account. You would log in to online banking and transfer the amount to the other person using their account number. When the transaction is done, your bank updates the transaction records. It seems simple enough, right? There is a potential issue which most of us neglect.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">These types of transactions can be tampered with very quickly. People who are familiar with this truth are often wary of using these types of transactions, hence the evolution of third-party payment applications in recent years. But this vulnerability is essentially why Blockchain technology was created.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Technologically, <a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/blockchain-tutorial/what-is-blockchain" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Blockchain">Blockchain</a> is a digital ledger that is gaining a lot of attention and traction recently. But why has it become so popular? Well, let’s dig into it to fathom the whole concept.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Record keeping of data and transactions are a crucial part of the business. Often, this information is handled in house or passed through a third party like brokers, bankers, or lawyers increasing time, cost, or both on the business. Fortunately, Blockchain avoids this long process and facilitates the faster movement of the transaction, thereby saving both time and money.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Most people assume <a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/blockchain-beyond-bitcoin-making-world-a-better-place-article" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Blockchain and Bitcoin">Blockchain and Bitcoin</a> can be used interchangeably, but in reality, that’s not the case. Blockchain is the technology capable of supporting various applications related to <a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/blockchain-tutorial/blockchain-industries" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="multiple industries">multiple industries</a> like finance, supply chain, manufacturing, etc., but Bitcoin is a currency that relies on Blockchain technology to be secure.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Blockchain is an emerging technology with many advantages in an increasingly digital world:</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #51565e; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Highly Secure</h3>It uses a digital signature feature to conduct fraud-free transactions making it impossible to corrupt or change the data of an individual by the other users without a specific digital signature.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Decentralized System</h3>Conventionally, you need the approval of regulatory authorities like a government or bank for transactions; however, with Blockchain, transactions are done with the mutual consensus of users resulting in smoother, safer, and faster transactions.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3e46; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 14px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-size: 16px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 32px;">Automation Capability</h3>It is programmable and can generate systematic actions, events, and payments automatically when the criteria of the trigger are met</li></ul>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-43835847910646663802022-05-04T03:05:00.000-07:002022-05-04T03:05:02.799-07:00Block chain technology<p> over the <span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">past few years, you have consistently heard the term ‘blockchain technology,’ probably regarding</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/blockchain-tutorial/what-is-cryptocurrency" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="cryptocurrencies">cryptocurrencies</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, like</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/bitcoin-digital-currency-article" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">. In fact, you may be asking yourself, “what is blockchain technology?” It seems like blockchain is a platitude but in a hypothetical sense, as there is no real meaning that the layman can understand easily. It is imperative to answer “</span><a href="https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/blockchain-tutorial/what-is-blockchain" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(17, 121, 239) !important; cursor: pointer; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="what is blockchain technology">what is blockchain technology</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3a3e46; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">, “including the technology that is used, how it works, and how it’s becoming vital in the digital world.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">As blockchain continues to grow and become more user-friendly, the onus is on you to learn this evolving technology to prepare for the future. If you are new to blockchain, then this is the right platform to gain solid foundational knowledge. In this article, you learn how to answer the question, “what is blockchain technology?” You’ll also learn how blockchain works, why it’s important, and how you can use this field to advance your career.</p><h2 id="what_is_blockchain_technology" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 44, 55) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 18px !important; font-weight: 500; line-height: 26px; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 64px; max-width: 100%;">What Is Blockchain Technology?</h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Blockchain technology is a structure that stores transactional records, also known as the block, of the public in several databases, known as the “chain,” in a network connected through peer-to-peer nodes. Typically, this storage is referred to as a ‘digital ledger.’</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">Every transaction in this ledger is authorized by the digital signature of the owner, which authenticates the transaction and safeguards it from tampering. Hence, the information the digital ledger contains is highly secure.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(58, 62, 70) !important; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px !important; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 0px;">In simpler words, the digital ledger is like a Google spreadsheet shared among numerous computers in a network, in which, the transactional records are stored based on actual purchases. The fascinating angle is that anybody can see the data, but they can’t corrupt it</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-43269030278104158882022-05-04T02:53:00.001-07:002022-05-04T02:53:34.440-07:00ISSB preparation tips<p> <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">overview about what all is there</span></p><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">All the tests are given on a website named </span><a href="http://hawinfo.net/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">Hawinfo</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"> as well</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">The first thing which you will be doing there is a lot of form filling. try to write the same things in all the forms because you will be asked to fill more than 2 forms there.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">Then comes the address by commandent ISSB. The very 1st day there are intelligence tests. You can find some exercise which are relevant to the tests </span><a href="http://www.hawinfo.net/issb-intelligence-test-4/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">here</a><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">After the intelligence test is done you will be doing mechanical aptitude test which includes some easy questions from physics.</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">The next things is psychologists tests which are the main crux of ISSB. this includes tests such as</span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">Sentence completion English. You will be given two papers which contains 26 incomplete sentences in English and you need to complete them in 6 minutes. You can find some examples </span><a href="http://www.hawinfo.net/issb-sentence-completion/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"></span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">Next is the sentence completion in urdu. Here you have the same thing 2 papers of 26 incomplete sentences and the time is also same. find some useful examples of the test </span><a href="http://www.hawinfo.net/issb-sentence-completion-2/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"></span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">then you will be shown 2 pictures on a projector now you have to write stories on these pictures. Make sure you right a positive one. Some example stories are solved here </span><a href="http://www.hawinfo.net/picture-story-writing-in-issb-2/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">read them</a><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">Next comes word association test now you will be shown some 100 words and each word will be displayed for 10 seconds you have to make sentence on it during that time....See some useful exercises </span><a href="http://www.hawinfo.net/word-association-test/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">here</a><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"></span><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">the last test in the psychologist is pointer stories writing ....An incomplete story is given and you need to solve it...See the exercises </span><a href="http://www.hawinfo.net/solved-pointer-story-writing-for-issb/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">here</a><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">There are 2 interviews in ISSB one by Deputy, and one by psychologist. Psychologist interview is based upon you psychological tests for Deputy and psychologists Interview watch the questions </span><a href="http://www.hawinfo.net/issb-interview/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #054b1d; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" target="_blank">here</a><br style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;" /><span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; font-family: verdana, geneva, lucida, "lucida grande", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">then you have many physical tasks which are</span>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-30554350999041006432022-05-04T02:51:00.001-07:002022-05-04T02:51:04.671-07:00CSS versus ISSB : What do you want to do?<p> If you want to join armed forces of Pakistan then you'll have to pass ISSB along with other tests. However if you want to serve as civil servant then go for CSS exams.</p><p>Comparing css officer with army officer, Well CSP officer right from the start have powers as CSP has to deal with public affairs mostly. So in public affairs matters CSP is powerfull. As for example ASP is more powerfull then Major of Army.</p><p>But after promotions of army officer to higher rank for example to Brig. OR Maj .Gen and so on. Powers of these ranked officers are aslo very much, as we all know we are enlslaved of our own army. Army is more powerfull then civil beurecracy.</p><p>But if you look in the perspective of direct powers then CSP has more powers than Army officals.</p><p>Army is indepennt organization while many CSP work under ministries. so politics can influence csp officer but not to an army offical.</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-6459676720390892832022-05-04T02:46:00.000-07:002022-05-04T02:46:03.943-07:00Scholarship : how to get scholarships<p> Dear Aspirants: I am sure you read Waqar bhai's post about Italian Scholarship Rejection and I have personally noticed that Pakistani Students are not represented in such a majority in US universities either. While I pursued my Undergraduate Degree in the US and now doing my Ph.D. there, I have noticed this dilemma, and tons of mentors have brought it to your attention as well.</p><p>T have other mentors that Scholarships are Competitive not because there are many students but also because you are competing against international talent too.</p><p>If you can not make the effort to open the link and read the requirements for the program then I can not comprehend how do you comprehend that you can sustain and do well abroad</p><p>If you are so uncertain about giving IELTS/TOEFL, constructing SOP, creating your CV, Giving the GRE, Making a Research Proposal; that we hope that someone just gives us all the information and we do not have to do much then we will continue to lack and be underrepresented</p><p><br /></p><p>We need to think this fact that we must quit running after acceptance letters. I have seen students just mindlessly asking for an acceptance letter from professors that have research not even close to what they want to pursue.</p><p><br /></p><p>Students continue to send the same email to every professor and then ask, WHY ARE WE REJECTED?</p><p><br /></p><p>We do not take time to read the profile of the professor, read their research, read some of their papers and try to understand what are their active projects because we claim that "IT WASTES SO MUCH TIME".</p><p><br /></p><p>If you think that doing hard work is waste of time than let me tell you that trying to find the shortcut is the biggest waste of your time because to achieve success NO SHORTCUT EXISTS</p><p><br /></p><p>SO HOW TO RECTIFY THIS PROBLEM?</p><p><br /></p><p>Try to spend some time reading the requirements of the program. Do not blindly apply as soon as you see the word "FULLY FUNDED"</p><p><br /></p><p>Stop chasing acceptance letters and try to find a perfect match with you and the lab you want to do research in. </p><p><br /></p><p>Please start working on your profile by constructing a compelling CV, SOP and other material ahead of the application deadline. If you start gathering your documents days before your deadline than you will not be able to carefully make sure that you have fulfilled all the requirements</p><p><br /></p><p>Do apply to multiple programs on the same SOP, IT IS NOT GOING TO WORK IN YOUR FAVOR</p><p>If you are applying to US, know that GRE is not some sort of a foreign BEAST! The test is designed for humans by humans and not for robots. We all take these exams and we all can do well, if we put the same dedication as we put in things that are of interest to us</p><p>If you can spend hours browsing the internet then you should also be able to spend hours trying to find scholarship opportunities</p><p>PLEASE understand the importance of RESEARCH! It is rather impossible to get into PhD if you have no research experience. Instead of sitting and blaming your country, your institutions, and other people, start taking responsibility of your actions!</p><p>If you did not have the opportunity to do research, you must do an internship or a job relevant to your field before you apply for PhD!</p><p>Do not assume someone knows that you know the skills. If you do not mention that in your CV, I can not know that you have Research Skills</p><p>MORAL OF THE STORY: Let us stop blaming others for our failure and take responsibility of our actions! Work hard! There is no success if you can not take the time to work hard! Failure should not disappoint you but let it teach you!he Biggest Problem is: TRYING TO FIND A SHORT CUT</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-84189167750813859012022-05-04T02:44:00.003-07:002022-05-04T02:44:53.642-07:00Failure, turning failures to success<p><br /></p><p>I wish someone told me this 10 years ago when I was just graduating with my bachelor. I wish there were seminars, books, and training courses on dealing with rejection. I wish there were special events where people shared their 'failure stories'.</p><p>Dealing with failure is such an important part of any person's life. If you think about it, the majority of our life is spent dealing with failures. We rarely get something on the first try.</p><p>What is failure? Failure is not when you half-heartedly applied for a job/scholarship and nobody replied. Failure is when you are at the end of your wits and you have no idea what to do next. Imagine being in an unfamiliar house, alone, and then suddenly power goes out, it is pitch dark, you have no idea where you are and you have no idea where to go. This is what real failure looks like.</p><p>Everyone sees failure, everyone witnesses such moments. If by any miracle you are have not seen such failures then there are two possibilities: Either you are incredibly lucky, which is nearly impossible. Or you are not aiming high enough, you are playing safe, in this case, you have failed by default already.</p><p>So now we know what is failure, then the biggest question here is how do we deal with it?</p><p>There are three possibilities when you suffer from failure:</p><p>You are not the right person for the position that you are aiming for.</p><p>You are the right person but you are not putting in the effort.</p><p>You are the right person, you are putting in your full effort but it is not in your naseeb*.</p><p>All the conventional advice on failure focuses on point no.2. The common advice says that you just need to keep going, just focus on your passion, just one more step. Edison failed 1000 times before he perfected the bulb, Dyson made 5126 prototypes before he finalized his bag-less vacuum design. We listen to these examples and curse ourselves, maybe we are not putting in the effort, maybe if we spent 12 hours instead of 8, that would make a difference. Maybe we should keep our head down and keep grinding...</p><p>Practice makes perfect, but wrong practice only gives wrong results.</p><p>You may be working on the wrong thing because you have the wrong idea of success in your head. It is possible that the idea of success was programmed in you from an early age by your environment and your society. Maybe what you are pursuing is not you, it's not suited for you or your personality. You are pursuing something for which you are a wrong fit.</p><p>Growing up in the 90s the idea of success for Pakistani children was becoming an Engineer or a doctor. An entire generation of Pakistani kids was programmed to believe that being a doctor or engineer was the best possible profession. (And it was for good reasons at the time). I was one of such kids, I believed that becoming an engineer or a doctor was the best possible way to be successful. So I did become an Engineer. It was during engineering when I found that I was not able to understand analytical concepts as easily as my other friends. But I still kept on going as much as I could.</p><p>It was during my first job as an engineer where I finally realized that I was not a natural at being an engineer. I saw my colleagues who were natural at it. They could talk about engineering problems, figure out solutions whereas I was trailing behind trying to catch up with them. The way they worked felt like a fish in the water. Effortless and enjoyable.</p><p>That's when I realized I want to be like a fish in the water. I want to choose what I am natural at.</p><p>Accepting your weakest areas is a blessing because when you do that you automatically start to find out what you are good at. Even if you don't know, your colleagues and peers start to see that and they ask for your help in those areas.</p><p>For me that area was communication. It was taking complicated ideas, thoughts, and queries and them putting them in words. I was a natural at it. It didn't seem anything special to me. To me it was effortless and therefore it seemed that anyone anywhere can do it. But that was not true. I would be asked several times by my managers and colleagues in drafting a particular tricky email or phone communication. Most of all, I enjoyed it. I enjoyed taking complicated ideas and putting them in words or explaining them to others.</p><p>The reason why I explained all this is that we are born with different talents and natural abilities. We have different IQs. It is useless to excel in a field where you are not natural and don't feel you are enjoying it.</p><p>So to summarise, this is what you should be feeling internally when you are doing something that aligns with you:</p><p>You do not feel it's a special talent because it comes naturally to you. However, when others see you working they tell you that it is not normal. It doesn't seem like work to you. It just flows through you like water.</p><p>You enjoy the process, no matter what the outcome you really enjoy doing it. A true blood entrepreneur gets a thrill every time there is a new business idea in his mind, he gets a kick every time there is a roadblock. The hustle, and the grind motivates him. A natural Engineer enjoys the problem, formulating complex equations. Analytical thinking does not bore him.</p><p>How do we find what we are natural at? We continuously explore, take risks, and then take feedback. We push our limits and risk failure.</p><p>So failure is an essential part of failing less. But we learn from that experience. Did we enjoy it? did it feel right to us?</p><p>When we find what we are a natural at then the reason no. 2 is eliminated. Because whatever we do it feels like play to us. We are not afraid of working. In fact, it does not even feel like work to us. We can spend hours, days just happily working on that thing.</p><p>This brings us to reason no.3 for failure: Maybe we are a natural at something, maybe we are even working as hard as we can, but we are still not getting it. Why does it happen? Maybe it is not in our naseeb. It is not destined for us.</p><p>It took me a very long time to understand this, but let me explain with an example.</p><p>When I was 15 I started memorizing the Quran. It took me 3 years of continuous studying and I was able to accomplish that. During my time I saw several students, who were diligent, intelligent and hardworking. Their parents came with the most sincere and deep-seated desire so their child can become a Hafiz-e-Quran, they would hire the best teachers, create the most positive environment for their kid. The kid himself would work hard. Studying day and night. But it wouldn't work. They wouldn't be able to do it. Everything on paper would say otherwise. But still, they couldn't. And no matter how much they tried to force it, it wouldn't work. They would fail again and again.</p><p>To this day I do not think it was a lack of intention, or hard work. God didn't love them any less than He loved me. It just wasn't destined for them.</p><p>It simply wasn't meant to be.</p><p>That realization is the hardest to stomach. Because there are no apparent reasons for our failure. We always want to know reasons, but there are places where logic cannot go, and that's where faith comes in. Faith and belief that we did our best, but it wasn't meant to be.</p><p>Failure is essential part of life, but it extremely important to fail at the right thing. Learning from the failure and then calibrating our actions.</p><p>I hope you learned something important from this guide. Please comment and let me know what you think.</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-84515457398505852512022-05-04T01:52:00.001-07:002022-05-04T01:52:32.088-07:00Difference between socialism and capitalism<p> <span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">Capitalism and socialism are generally seen as polar opposites, and discussions of either system are often framed as</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/henryk-a-kowalczyk/capitalism-socialism-and-_b_8523486.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/henryk-a-kowalczyk/capitalism-socialism-and-_b_8523486.html" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/henryk-a-kowalczyk/capitalism-socialism-and-_b_8523486.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">in opposition to the other</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">. The modern idea of socialism has roots in Greek philosopher Plato but emerged as a popular political idea in the early 19th century</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.britannica.com/topic/socialism#ref276336" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.britannica.com/topic/socialism#ref276336" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/socialism#ref276336" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">among German radicals like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">. There are many forms of socialism, but at its core, socialism is an economic system in which a whole community — not just bosses or private companies — control the means of production equally. It assumes that people are naturally cooperative, instead of competitive.</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.britannica.com/topic/socialism#ref276336" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.britannica.com/topic/socialism#ref276336" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/socialism#ref276336" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">The goal of socialism</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">is an egalitarian society run by democratically elected representatives for the benefit of all in accordance with a set of collectively determined parameters; unlike under capitalism, industry and production is run by the state, and the acquisition of private property is seen as counterproductive. Capitalist</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/modeledbehavior/2017/02/12/socialism-is-bad/&refURL=https://www.google.com/&referrer=https://www.google.com/" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/modeledbehavior/2017/02/12/socialism-is-bad/&refURL=https://www.google.com/&referrer=https://www.google.com/" href="https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/modeledbehavior/2017/02/12/socialism-is-bad/&refURL=https://www.google.com/&referrer=https://www.google.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">critics of socialism</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">believe that the system slows economic growth, rewards worker laziness, and can stifle individual rights and free expression.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 1.33em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In a capitalist country, the focus is on profits over anything else; in a socialist country, the public is seen to be more important, and social welfare is a major priority. The United States, the U.K., and Germany are <a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://communismandcapitalism.weebly.com/list-of-communist-and-capitalist-countries.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://communismandcapitalism.weebly.com/list-of-communist-and-capitalist-countries.html" href="https://communismandcapitalism.weebly.com/list-of-communist-and-capitalist-countries.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">examples of modern capitalist countries</a>. Many other countries like Norway, Sweden, Canada, and the Netherlands incorporate socialist ideas into their societies, as does the U.S. <a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="http://www.latimes.com/opinion/readersreact/la-le-1023-friday-bernie-sanders-socialism-20151023-story.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="http://www.latimes.com/opinion/readersreact/la-le-1023-friday-bernie-sanders-socialism-20151023-story.html" href="http://www.latimes.com/opinion/readersreact/la-le-1023-friday-bernie-sanders-socialism-20151023-story.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">to some degree</a>; for example, universal health care and Social Security are both socialistic concepts</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-85194954872065662922022-05-04T00:06:00.001-07:002022-05-04T00:06:17.386-07:00Effects of capitalism<p> <span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">The kind of impact that capitalism has on your life depends on whether you’re a worker or a boss. For someone who owns a company and employs other workers, capitalism may make sense: The more profits your company brings in, the more resources you have to share with your workers, which theoretically improves everyone’s standard of living. It’s all based on the principle of</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042215/what-difference-between-capitalist-system-and-free-market-system.asp" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042215/what-difference-between-capitalist-system-and-free-market-system.asp" href="https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042215/what-difference-between-capitalist-system-and-free-market-system.asp" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">supply and demand</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">, and in capitalism, consumption is king. The problem is that</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/on-leadership/wp/2015/03/13/the-income-gap-between-bosses-and-workers-is-getting-even-bigger-worldwide/?utm_term=.46edceec0966" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/on-leadership/wp/2015/03/13/the-income-gap-between-bosses-and-workers-is-getting-even-bigger-worldwide/?utm_term=.46edceec0966" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/on-leadership/wp/2015/03/13/the-income-gap-between-bosses-and-workers-is-getting-even-bigger-worldwide/?utm_term=.46edceec0966" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">many</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">capitalist bosses aren’t great at sharing the wealth, which is why one of the</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/27/opinion/corporate-tax-cuts-salaries.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/27/opinion/corporate-tax-cuts-salaries.html" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/27/opinion/corporate-tax-cuts-salaries.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">major critiques of capitalism</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">is that it is a huge driver of inequality, both social and economic.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 1.33em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Capitalism takes the position that “<a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/free-markets-depend-on-greed/" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/free-markets-depend-on-greed/" href="https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/free-markets-depend-on-greed/" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">greed is good</a>,” which its supporters say is a positive thing — greed drives profits and profits drive innovation and product development, which means there are more choices available for those who can afford them. <a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Capitalism.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Capitalism.html" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Capitalism.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Its opponents say</a> that capitalism is, by nature, exploitative, and leads to a brutally divided society that tramples the working classes in favor of fattening the rich’s wallets. The Occupy Wall Street movement, for example, <a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/16/occupy-protests-europe-london-assange" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/16/occupy-protests-europe-london-assange" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/16/occupy-protests-europe-london-assange" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">began as an anti-capitalist protest</a> against “the 1%” — the richest of the rich of the capitalist class — and asked why they are allowed to grow fat and happy <a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/obery-m-hendricks-jr-phd/the-uncompromising-anti-capitalism-of-martin-luther-king-jr_b_4629609.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/obery-m-hendricks-jr-phd/the-uncompromising-anti-capitalism-of-martin-luther-king-jr_b_4629609.html" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/obery-m-hendricks-jr-phd/the-uncompromising-anti-capitalism-of-martin-luther-king-jr_b_4629609.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">while 20%</a> of all American children live in poverty</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-77805662939703743222022-05-04T00:04:00.000-07:002022-05-04T00:04:00.230-07:00Who is a capitalist<p> <span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">Individual capitalists are typically wealthy people who have a large amount of capital (money or other financial assets) invested in business, and who benefit from the system of capitalism by making increased profits and thereby adding to their wealth. A capitalist nation is dominated by </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2015/06/basics.htm" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2015/06/basics.htm" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2015/06/basics.htm" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">the free market</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">, which is an economic system in which both prices and production are dictated by corporations and private companies in competition with one another, and places a heavy focus on private property, economic growth, freedom of choice, and limited government intervention. Generally, those to the right of the political spectrum tend to be pro-capitalist; those on the left veer toward anti-capitalism.</span></p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-61222765394531462812022-05-04T00:02:00.004-07:002022-05-04T00:02:56.677-07:00History of capitalism<p> <span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">The origins of capitalism are complicated, and stretch back to the 16th century, when the British systems of power largely collapsed after the Black Death,</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.historytoday.com/ole-j-benedictow/black-death-greatest-catastrophe-ever" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.historytoday.com/ole-j-benedictow/black-death-greatest-catastrophe-ever" href="https://www.historytoday.com/ole-j-benedictow/black-death-greatest-catastrophe-ever" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">a deadly plague that killed off up to 60% of Europe’s entire population</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">. A newly formed class of merchants</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.marxists.org/archive/harman/1989/xx/transition.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.marxists.org/archive/harman/1989/xx/transition.html" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/harman/1989/xx/transition.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">began to trade</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">with foreign countries, and this newfound demand for exports</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft367nb2h4&chunk.id=d0e121&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e121&brand=ucpress" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft367nb2h4&chunk.id=d0e121&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e121&brand=ucpress" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft367nb2h4&chunk.id=d0e121&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e121&brand=ucpress" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">hurt local economies</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">and began to dictate overall production and pricing of goods. It also led to the spread of</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/colonialism-explained?intcid=inline_amp" data-vars-link-type="Internal" href="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/colonialism-explained?intcid=inline_amp" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_top">colonialism</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">,</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;"> </span><a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/24/slavery_n_4847105.html" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/24/slavery_n_4847105.html" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/24/slavery_n_4847105.html" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">slavery</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px;">, and imperialism.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 1.33em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The death of feudalism — a hierarchical system often seen as oppressive that kept poor people bonded to their masters’ land, which they farmed in exchange for a place to live and military protection — also left rural British peasants with no homes and no work, which eventually funneled them away from the countryside and into urban centers. These former farm workers then had to sell their labor in a newly competitive work environment in order to survive, while the state worked in concert with the new capitalists to establish a maximum wage and “<a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="http://www.solfed.org.uk/a-s-history/unit-1-the-origins-of-capitalism" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="http://www.solfed.org.uk/a-s-history/unit-1-the-origins-of-capitalism" href="http://www.solfed.org.uk/a-s-history/unit-1-the-origins-of-capitalism" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">clamp down on beggars</a>.”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #252525; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.33em; margin: 1.33em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">By the 18th century, England had <a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="http://www.solfed.org.uk/a-s-history/unit-1-the-origins-of-capitalism" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="http://www.solfed.org.uk/a-s-history/unit-1-the-origins-of-capitalism" href="http://www.solfed.org.uk/a-s-history/unit-1-the-origins-of-capitalism" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">converted into an industrial nation</a>, and the dawn of the Industrial Revolution saw an explosion of manufacturing overtake the island. It is within those smoky factories and flammable textile mills that our modern idea of capitalism — and the opposition to it — began to fully flourish. In 1776, Scottish economist Adam Smith published his treatise, <a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="https://www.adamsmith.org/the-wealth-of-nations/" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="https://www.adamsmith.org/the-wealth-of-nations/" href="https://www.adamsmith.org/the-wealth-of-nations/" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations</em></a>, which is regarded as the bedrock upon which modern capitalism stands. Though some of his specific ideas about value and labor differ from those of modern economists, Smith is often called “<a class="data-offer-external-url" data-vars-link-click-url="http://decodedpast.com/adam-smith-1723-1790-father-modern-capitalism/15048" data-vars-link-type="External" data-vars-offer-url="http://decodedpast.com/adam-smith-1723-1790-father-modern-capitalism/15048" href="http://decodedpast.com/adam-smith-1723-1790-father-modern-capitalism/15048" rel="nofollow noopener" style="border: 0px; color: #ed1d24; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">the father of capitalism</a>.</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-6702668831008509562022-05-04T00:00:00.003-07:002022-05-04T00:00:22.407-07:00Socialist system in capitalism<p> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The socialist challenge of <span class="topic-highlight" style="background: rgba(247, 231, 27, 0.2); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">capitalism</span> required an effective response. The first chapter of this rivalry was opened in the late nineteenth century. Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, in his struggle with the strong German </span><a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/socialist-movement" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about socialist movement from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">socialist movement</a><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;">, turned towards the introduction of welfare institutions. Pension system, health care, and other welfare institutions were introduced for workers to take the wind out of the sail of the emerging socialist movement. For these developments, the</span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;"> </span><a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-and-finance/global-economic-crisis" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about Great Depression from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Great Depression</a><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;"> </span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;">of the early 1930s brought about a turning point. The Swedish Social</span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;"> </span><a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/democratic-government" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about Democratic government from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Democratic government</a><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;">, elected in 1932, started building a welfare state. President Franklin D. Roosevelt also initiated major social legislation and the introduction of the social security system. The comprehensive system of the welfare state, however, emerged only after World War II in Western Europe. Capitalism, in contrast with its nineteenth century features, initiated widespread social legislation. Paid vacation, short workweek, nationwide pension systems, free health care, education, maternity leave, cheap housing, and many other institutions were established.</span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;"> </span><a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/human-rights" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about Human rights from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Human rights</a><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;"> </span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem;">were re-evaluated and the right to work, i.e., a full-employment policy, became dominant. Inequity, at least in the middle layers of the society, markedly diminished in the advanced capitalist countries.</span></p><p id="B0080430767026772-p0120" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px;">The period after the Second World War also saw the spread of mixed economies. Almost all of the advanced Western European countries, led by France and Britain, nationalized entire sectors of their economies and established new state-owned firms in various industries.</p><p id="B0080430767026772-p0125" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px;">Capitalism underwent a spectacular transformation. In his article on <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Instability of Capitalism</em><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> (1928), the leading Austrian-American economist, Joseph Schumpeter, prophesied the transformation of the system and the fading of the original meaning of capitalism. He maintained that capitalism is inherently stable and able to recover from great crises, but generates socio-intellectual effects discordant with its spirit and institutions. As a consequence, ‘Capitalism is … in so obvious process of transformation into something else … [that] it will be merely matter of taste and terminology to call it <a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/socialism" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about Socialism from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Socialism</a> or not.’</span></p><p id="B0080430767026772-p0130" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px;">Towards the end of the twentieth century, capitalism adjusted to the new historical situation and markedly transformed but preserved entrepreneurial interest, market flexibility, efficiency, <a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-and-finance/competitiveness" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about competitiveness from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">competitiveness</a>, and reached its highest prosperity and fastest growth rate ever. The Western core countries of the world system successfully adjusted to a new technological-communication revolution and became the leader of new technologies and the rise of <a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/postindustrial-societies" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about postindustrial society from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">postindustrial society</a>.</p><p id="B0080430767026772-p0135" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">During the long period of postwar prosperity, a part of the former Asian and South European peripheries of the capitalist world system reached a higher than average growth and became an integrated and equal part of the core countries. After a long period of rivalry, capitalism emerged victorious while the parallel world system of centrally planned state <a class="topic-link" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/socialism" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-color: rgb(46, 46, 46); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 1px; transition: text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s, color 0.3s ease 0s, -webkit-text-decoration 0.3s ease 0s;" title="Learn more about socialism from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">socialism</a>, which conquered one-third of the world and influenced an even greater part by its policy after World War II, collapsed in 1989–91. The former Soviet Bloc countries introduced radical market reforms, thus re-establishing capitalism. During the last third of the twentieth century, </span><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">laissez-faire</em> capitalism became the leading model again. Neo-liberal economics triumphed and challenged mixed economy and welfare state.</p><p id="B0080430767026772-p0135" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p id="B0080430767026772-p0140" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px;">Capitalism in late twentieth century reached a new stage in its history. The main trend of this new age is globalization. National boundaries and national economies rapidly lost their importance. Multi- or transnational companies penetrated previously independent economies. Foreign direct investment became instrumental all over the world, including the advanced core countries. Towards the end of the 1990s nearly one-third of American exports and two-thirds of imports were intrafirm deliveries. About one-third of French, Dutch, and British industrial output was produced and roughly 25–40 percent of their research and development expenditure was financed by affiliates of transnational companies. In Ireland, and former state-socialist Hungary, foreign affiliates produced two-thirds of industrial output and financed roughly 70 percent of research and development expenditures.</p><p id="B0080430767026772-p0145" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; padding: 0px;">While globalization, in some cases, contributed to a successful catching-up process with the core, it also preserved and even strengthened the core–periphery inequity. The gap between advanced core and the peripheries was growing considerably: intercountry income spread was 10:1 in 1913; 26:1 in 1950, but it increased to 40:1 at the end of the twentieth century. A newly globalized but even more polarized capitalist world system, dominated by an expanding Western core, was emerging at the turn of the millennium.</p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-42728941612242450472022-05-03T10:58:00.002-07:002022-05-03T10:58:27.193-07:00Capitalism : An overview<p> <span class="topic-highlight" style="background: rgba(247, 231, 27, 0.2); box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Capitalism</span><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> has its own particular geography, which must be attended to if we are to adequately understand its nature, and limits. Our very definition of capitalism references the form capitalist practices took once they arrived in Europe, and discourses presenting capitalism as the best economic system neglect the violence inflicted on other peoples and places in making this happen. This European version of capitalism fails to deliver on its promise of prosperity in part due to geography. Capitalism's spatial extent means that it produces persistent uneven geographical development, enriching some at the expense of others and necessitating experimentation with alternatives. Its dialectical relationship with labor and the more-than-human world can undermine its coherence from the outside. Finally, the persistence of more-than-capitalist practices is testimony to capitalism's less than hegemonic status in practice, notwithstanding discourses presenting it as currently globally hegemonic.</span></p>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-44066289098266324942022-05-01T14:45:00.000-07:002022-05-01T14:45:30.876-07:00IELTS preparation:short and free<p> STOP PAYING FOR IELTS PREPARATION"</p><p>-----------------</p><p>Its completely out of my understanding why people spend money to prepare for IELTS.</p><p>I see a lot of people confused and worried about where should they prepare for IELTS test.</p><p>Some take classes on-campus while some join skype sessions and pay large sum of cash for these services.</p><p>I just want everyone to know that there is a free self-paced online course available on the internet which is designed by the academics of University of Queensland.</p><p>This innovative preparation course has been designed and written by experienced English teaching professionals from The University of Queensland, an IELTS testing centre and one of the world’s leading centres of learning. All of the course writers have extensive experience enabling students to reach their academic IELTS goal of entering a university where English is the primary language.</p><p>Now whats the point of paying money and learning from someone who has no official association with IELTS test centre.</p><p>https://www.edx.org/course/ielts-academic-test-preparation</p><p>P.S Those who are looking for IELTS General module please know the fact that Academic is always more difficult. So it's advised that you first take this course and then buy one book of IELTS 9 10 OR 11 and prepare from it for general test. There is just a minor difference only in the writing module which you would know from the book.</p><p>For those who are asking about the mock exam. Well you can buy a simple IELTS book IELTS 9, IELTS 10 or IELTS 11. It comes with a CD and you can conduct your own exam at home.</p><p>Link for mock tests:</p><p>https://ieltsonlinetests.com</p><p>Website link added for mock tests. جزاءک اللہ</p><p>Please note that if you cant prepare it by yourself and you want someone to spoon feed you i.e. in an academy/coaching/tuition, you'll never be able to get good marks at exam. How can you expect that a local guy can teach better than the faculty of Queensland and those people who work at IELTS?</p><div><br /></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-28381910834367186842022-05-01T14:42:00.005-07:002022-05-01T14:42:59.961-07:00Programming languages in high demand<p> TOP 10 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES THAT WILL KEEP YOU IN DEMAND IN 2022</p><p>.</p><p>..</p><p>LATEST NEWS TECH NEWS TOP LIST</p><p>by Sayantani Sanyal Dec 2021</p><p>Programming languages</p><p>Learning programming languages might become a compulsion for aspiring tech professionals in the future</p><p>For almost any domain, including web development, machine learning, data science, or any other field, the most crucial prerequisite is the ability to program using programming languages. Over the years, the software development industry has exponentially grown at a much higher rate than ever imagined before, paving the way for an even lucrative career option for several aspiring software developers and programmers. The knowledge possessed by these professionals should align with the existing coding requirements of the industry. There are several programming languages to learn, but only the top programming languages provide all-around services and can be used for several purposes. In this article, we have listed the top 10 programming languages for 2022 that aspiring tech professionals should know.</p><p>JavaScript: JavaScript is one of the most well-known programming languages, with strong demand and preference. It is used by many well-known IT companies, including Uber, Google, and Microsoft, to name a few. JavaScript is well-known for its ability to add responsive features to web pages and other platforms. It seems reasonable to expect JavaScript to continue to dominate the industry in 2022.</p><p>Python: Python is the most preferred language for anyone who starts programming. It has a simple syntax, which is efficient for beginners to understand and use. It is widely used in web development, software programming, and many other uses. The language includes rich library support, automatic garbage collection, improved interaction with other languages, and enhanced GUI support.</p><p>Go: Go was developed in 2007 for APIs and web applications. It has recently become one of the fastest-growing programming languages due to its simplicity, as well as its ability to handle multicore, network systems, and massive codebases. It has gained massive popularity among hi-tech IT companies for its simple, modern structure and syntax familiarity.</p><p>LEARN THESE TOP 10 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TO IMPRESS YOUR BOSS</p><p>TOP 10 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES YOU MUST ACE IN 2022</p><p>TOP 10 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES THAT BIG TECH COMPANIES USE</p><p>Kotlin: One of the major selling points for Koltin is that Google loves it. In fact, Kotlin has been Google’s most preferred programming language since 2017, meaning that apps and solutions built with this language get all kinds of perks before everyone else. Google appreciates the innovative features and functionalities for Kotlin-based apps, and developers can stay ahead of the competition by coding with this easy-to-use language.</p><p>C++: C++ has risen over the years and has become a go-to programming language for analysts and researchers. But it has also become quite popular for game development purposes. It is important to learn C++ in 2022 to become a competitive developer in the gaming industry. The language is extremely useful for system software development and integrating project management methodologies.</p><p>Java: The topmost object-oriented programming languages implement Java’s well-known algorithms to write concepts that can run anywhere. This allows Java programs to run on any system that supports Java, without the need for recompilation. The language is used to create Android apps, web, desktop, and scientific applications.</p><p>R Language: Several big tech companies use the R language to run their businesses. With the increasing demand for machine learning and data science in 2021, it is quite evident that R will be in-demand in 2022 and the skill to program with R might make the candidates stand out in front of employers. It is an open-source programming platform that includes a wide range of libraries and frameworks.</p><p>PHP: PHP is an open-source programming language created in 1990. Web developers find it essential to learn PHP as it is used to build more than 80% of the websites on the internet, including those like Facebook and Yahoo. With its increasing use cases over the years, PHP will definitely be in demand in 2022.</p><p>Scala: Scala is another language that is highly recommended for beginners due to its easy learning compatibility. It was designed as a general-purpose programming language, which can be used for object-oriented as well as functional programming.</p><p>Dart: Dart is quickly rising in the industry as a simple coding language, following the C language syntax. It means that Dart is pretty easy to learn and has a wide range of applications in multi-platform and cross-platform development. Learning Dart might not seem like an extreme necessity, but it does provide several added advantages to the developers over learning traditional programming languages. </p><p>https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/learn-programming-free-software-development-courses-for-beginners/</p><div><br /></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-47153405976570956412022-05-01T14:40:00.002-07:002022-05-01T14:40:38.981-07:00Study in Italy: basic guide<p> Study in Italy -- For Beginners --FAQs</p><p>An Old guide but good for basic queries..</p><p>.. </p><p>I did lot of research during search for fully funded PhD .</p><p>I hope this works for you. </p><p>This article is only for itlay.</p><p>The only good thing about Italy is that it gives scholarship in Masters Level.</p><p>Q1. Which university should I apply for?</p><p>These are the universities:</p><p>1. Politecnico di Milano (Polimi) http://www.polinternational.polimi.it/what/prospective-students/</p><p>2. Politecnico di Torino (Polito) http://apply.polito.it/index_en.html</p><p>3. University of Trento http://international.unitn.it/engineering</p><p>4. University of Venice http://www.unive.it/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=10497</p><p>5. University of Bergamo http://www.unibg.it/struttura/en_struttura.asp?cerca=en_didattica_internazionalizzazione_02</p><p>6. University of Rome http://web.uniroma2.it/home-en.php?newlang=english University of Rome, Tor Vergata</p><p>7. University of Siena</p><p>8. University of Milan, Torino, Padova etc etc.</p><p>Further you should try Google and http://www.universitaly.com/index.php/</p><p><br /></p><p>Q2. Can I get scholarship?</p><p>In the Politecnicos and Trento, the scholarships are assigned automatically and randomly, there is no other separate form to be filled. No one can tell if u will get scholarship if u have 75% or 100% marks. It is random, its Italy!</p><p>In Polimi and Polito another need based scholarship is available, in Polimi it is DSU and Polito it is EDISU. For DSU you can apply online the application opens in July. The procedure of DSU and EDISU is explained in another document in the group documents. You can find it in “files section” of the group. (https://www.facebook.com/groups/197164200312640/files/)</p><p>EDISU you will have to arrive to Italy to get.</p><p>If assigned DSU or EDISU or Uni scholarship, all your living expenses are covered including fees.</p><p>There are other similar scholarships in other universities with different names like OPERA etc. I have no personal experience of that.</p><p><br /></p><p>Q3. Living Expenses:</p><p>Initially after arrival, the expenses are like this:</p><p>1. 260 euro stay permit fees</p><p>2. 400 euro normally house security fees, refunded when you leave the house</p><p>3. Rent of first month normally 200 - 300</p><p>4. University fees</p><p><br /></p><p>5. Other food and transport expenses depend on you but around 150</p><p>6. Then the expenses come down to 300 - 350 per month.</p><p>7. In some cases it can be 250 per month if you are living with many people, but it depends.</p><p><br /></p><p>Q4. Jobs: (Side jobs / Post education jobs)</p><p>No side jobs unless you know Italian language, even in that case it is not assured. It is not like UK or Australia. So if you are coming here relying on getting a side job DON’T COME.</p><p>After completion of education there are chances of getting jobs. It is luck, also Italy is not EUROPE EUROPE, it is like OK you can call yourself Europe. It is more like Pakistan of Europe. So you might be jobless for long time(I had been), and you might find a great job(some have got them) immediately. But still there is no security that yes now you will be rich.</p><p>Jobs normally pay 1200 euros a month, internships 600 and side job if you can get pays between 600 and 1200.</p><p>In Polimi you can apply for a 150 hours paid on campus job, there is a selection based on CV etc, and then you can work on campus, it is assigned once in a year. But the probability of assignation is less, so don't count on it.</p><p><br /></p><p>Q5. Whether or not you should come:</p><p>If you are assigned scholarship then come, if not, then look at you financial condition and decide, in case of no scholarship, no job, the worst case scenario, you will need around 350 euros per month for yourself plus your university fees so it is not that cheap. In that case if you can go to Canada or Germany that will be better.</p><p>Here is a list of countries you should go to, in descending order:</p><p>Switzeland > Australia > Canada > Germany > Norway > Sweden > Denamrk > Netherlands > Austria > Italy.</p><p>The only good thing about Italy is that it gives scholarship in Masters Level.</p><p>Advice: Don’t care about ranking of university, don’t select a university, select a country. It’s the country that will provide good future, job security etc. Otherwise you can graduate from Polimi ranked 27 in the world but since you are in Italy, either remain jobless or if you are lucky earn the minimum scale of Europe.</p><div><br /></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7974873724092363671.post-3350689966509559892022-05-01T14:38:00.001-07:002022-05-01T14:38:08.833-07:00How to get scholarship in Europe<p> How to keep getting scholarships (and jobs) in Europe? </p><p>5 tips and tricks from someone who did it. </p><p>Here are five tips that I will give you if you want to survive in Europe and keep getting scholarships (and jobs).</p><p>1. Do not go after PR</p><p>Many Pakistani students come here and forget about the career they have. Instead, their focus is on getting permanent residence in the EU. Eventually, some of them do get a PR but everything comes at a cost. Their career is compromised, and they have to work odd jobs their whole lives. In contrast, I focused on my career. Therefore, changing countries within the EU was not a problem for me. Of course, that means I do not have PR, but that’s the sacrifice I am willing to make.</p><p>2. Do not focus on rich countries only</p><p>Everyone wants to study and live in Germany. No doubt that it has many job opportunities but also high competition. Also, the living standards in Germany are not as good as in Mediterranean countries like Spain and Italy. People are social and happy. The food is good and the weather is nice. Yes, the salary won’t be as good as in Germany but no country is perfect. If you really like Germany or the US, go for it. But if you just want to live somewhere nicer, there are other options.</p><p>3. Money vs. career mindset</p><p>Some people want to earn money, and some want to achieve their dreams (and earn money). The difference is in the preference. If money is what you are after, you will end up doing odd jobs and earn that money. But this will happen at the cost of your career. In short term, it is good to earn some cash, but investing your time and energies in you career will get you much further. Learn more skills, work on some nice research projects or volunteer. All of them will help you much more than some odd job. If you really need the money to survive, try freelancing because that will increase your skills and knowledge. That’s what I did when I was unemployed.</p><p>4. Learn an EU language</p><p>Yes, we all want to live in English-speaking countries but so do the millions of other people who speak English. The result is high competition and no place for average students like me. If you learn an EU language, your chances of getting employed can sky-rocket in the EU. Not to mention how it will make your life easier and worth living here. Research shows that learning a new language is also very good for the brain so you will become more intelligent.</p><p>5. Integrate into the EU</p><p>How to learn a language and culture of a country? The easier option is to enroll yourself in a language course but the best solution is to integrate yourself into society. Hang out with the locals and enjoy life. The famous proverb goes; when in Rome, do as the Romans do. Practice your language but also show your interest in their country. There is nothing wrong with being patriotic but sometimes we become too obsessed with our country and only want to talk about Pakistan. Show some interest in the country where you are living also. If Pakistan is perfect, there is no need to come here.</p><p>Here you go. Hope these tips help you enjoy your stay in the EU. Let me know what you think and if I missed something.</p><div><br /></div>Malika abdullahhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07465405455465260170noreply@blogger.com0